Randomized phase II clinical trials.

TitleRandomized phase II clinical trials.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2014
AuthorsJung, Sin-Ho, and Daniel J. Sargent
JournalJ Biopharm Stat
Volume24
Issue4
Pagination802-16
Date Published2014
ISSN1520-5711
KeywordsClinical Trials, Phase II as Topic, Humans, Prospective Studies, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Sample Size
Abstract

Traditionally, Phase II trials have been conducted as single-arm trials to compare the response probabilities between an experimental therapy and a historical control. Historical control data, however, often have a small sample size, are collected from a different patient population, or use a different response assessment method, so that a direct comparison between a historical control and an experimental therapy may be severely biased. Randomized Phase II trials entering patients prospectively to both experimental and control arms have been proposed to avoid any bias in such cases. The small sample sizes for typical Phase II clinical trials imply that the use of exact statistical methods for their design and analysis is appropriate. In this article, we propose two-stage randomized Phase II trials based on Fisher's exact test, which does not require specification of the response probability of the control arm for testing. Through numerical studies, we observe that the proposed method controls the type I error accurately and maintains a high power. If we specify the response probabilities of the two arms under the alternative hypothesis, we can identify good randomized Phase II trial designs by adopting the Simon's minimax and optimal design concepts that were developed for single-arm Phase II trials.

DOI10.1080/10543406.2014.901343
Alternate JournalJ Biopharm Stat
Original PublicationRandomized phase II clinical trials.
PubMed ID24697589
PubMed Central IDPMC4024090
Grant ListP01 CA142538 / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States
CA142538-01 / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States
Project: